Las remesas como determinantes del gasto en las zonas rurales de México
Remittances as expenditure drivers in rural Mexico
https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.2016.33.a09
Palabras clave:
remesas, migración, hogares rurales, patrones de gastoResumen
En este trabajo se presentan diferentes especificaciones empíricas para probar el impacto de las remesas nacionales e internacionales en los patrones de gasto de los hogares rurales mexicanos. Utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de 1988 a 2012 se desarrolla un enfoque econométrico que considera la censura en distintas categorías de gasto y controla el efecto de las remesas a nivel hogar. Los resultados indican efectos significativos de las remesas internas y externas sobre los patrones de gasto de los hogares; estas fuentes de ingreso no son fungibles y remodelan la demanda de los hogares de forma independiente al ingreso total. Los efectos en cada categoría de gasto son diferentes por tipo de remesas. Las remesas internas estimulan en mayor medida categorías relacionadas con las inversiones en desarrollo humano, salud y educación; mientras que las remesas externas estimulan categorías relacionadas con inversiones en capital físico.Abstract In this work we present different empirical specifications to test for the impact of domestic and international remittances on expenditure patterns in rural Mexican households. Using data from the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure from 1998 to 2012 we develop an econometric approach that deal with censoring on various expenditure categories while controlling for remittances at the household level. Our findings indicate that there is evidence of significant effects of internal and external remittances on household expenditure patterns; these income sources are not fungible and reshape household demands in ways that are independent of total income. Effects on each expenditure category are different for each type of remittance income. Internal remittances seem to stimulate more categories related to human development investments, health and education, while external remittances do it with physical capital investments.
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