Comercio exterior y empleo en la frontera norte de México

Jorge Eduardo Mendoza; Víctor Hugo Torres-Preciado

doi:10.21670/ref.2207091

Autores/as

Jorge Eduardo Mendoza El Colegio de la Frontera Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-9581
Víctor Hugo Torres-Preciado Universidad de Colima https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-0913

Palabras clave:

frontera norte de México, exportaciones, importaciones, empleo

Resumen

El trabajo investiga los impactos del comercio exterior sobre el empleo en los estados de la frontera norte de México y su integración con la economía de los Estados Unidos durante 2007-2020. Con el objetivo de analizar el efecto de la penetración comercial en la evolución del empleo en la región se utiliza un modelo de panel dinámico. Los resultados indican que la penetración de las exportaciones totales no muestra una clara correlación con la dinámica del empleo en la región. Por su parte, la penetración de las exportaciones y de las importaciones manufactureras muestra un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en el empleo manufacturero en la región de la frontera norte de México. El coeficiente de los salarios promedio manufactureros expresa un coeficiente inverso, lo que sugiere que la dinámica de empleo es una limitante del crecimiento de los ingresos salariales.

Abstract

The paper investigates the impact of the international trade on employment of the northern border states of Mexico and its integration with the economy of the United States during 2007-2020. In order to analyze the effect of commercial penetration on the evolution of employment in the region, a dynamic panel model is used to estimate the effect of exports and imports. The results indicate that at the level of total exports there is no clear correlation of the penetration of exports on employment in the region. In contrast, the penetration of manufacturing exports and imports showed a positive and statistically significant effect on manufacturing employment in the northern border region of Mexico. The coefficient of average manufacturing wages showed an inverse coefficient suggesting that the employment dynamics are limiting the growth of wage income.

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